There just a computer program, voice synthesizers, looks like you've got some decent answers but if you really want to know a lot about all the different Vocaloids try their wiki
link
There are currently 34 different Vocaloids singing in Japanese, English, Korean, Spanish, and Chinese
Currently 4 more vocaloids are in the making and they are updating many of the existing vocaloids voice banks. The most popular vocaloids are Miku, Rin+Len, Gumi, Gackupo, Kaito, Luka, and Meiko.
I gotta get out of the house more..... ^^" cause that was all by memory....